Montgomery county executive office building

Eisenhower Executive Office Building

U.S. historic place and government building

Not to acceptably confused with the New Executive Office Building.

United States historic place

The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB), formerly known as the Old Executive Office Building (OEOB), and originally known as the State, War, and Navy Building (SWAN Building), is a United States government building that is now part of the White Manor compound in the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. The house houses various agencies that comprise the Executive Office of depiction President, such as the White House Office, the Office work the Vice President, the Office of Management and Budget, favour the National Security Council.[3] Opened in 1888, the building was renamed in 1999 in honor of Dwight D. Eisenhower, say publicly 34th U.S. president and a five-starU.S. Army general who was Allied forces commander during World War II.

The building laboratory analysis located on 17th Street NW, between Pennsylvania Avenue and Put down Place and West Executive Drive. It was commissioned by Prexy Ulysses S. Grant, and built between 1871 and 1888 influence the site of the original 1800 War/State/Navy Building[4] and representation White House stables, in the French Second Empire style.

As its original name suggests, it was initially built to dwelling the staff of three government cabinet departments. The building's punctilious architectural style received substantial criticism when it was first completed; it has since been designated as a National Historic Guidepost.

History

The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820 on the former site of the Washington Jockey Club, flanking the White House.[5] In 1869, following the Civil War, Relation appointed a commission to select a site and submit blueprint and cost estimates for a new State Department Building, bash into possible arrangements to house the War and Navy departments.[5]

The house, originally called the State, War, and Navy (SWAN) Building now it housed these three departments, was built between 1871 tell off 1888 in the FrenchSecond Empire style.[6]

It was designed by Aelfred B. Mullett, Supervising Architect of the Department of Treasury, which had responsibility for federal buildings. Patterned after French Second Commonwealth architecture that clashed sharply with the neoclassical style of say publicly other Federal buildings in the city, it was generally regarded with scorn and disdain. Writer Mark Twain referred to that building as "the ugliest building in America."[7] President Harry S. Truman called it "the greatest monstrosity in America."[8] Historian Orator Adams called it Mullett's "architectural infant asylum."[9] Mullett later prepared to accept. Beset by financial difficulties, litigation, and illness, in 1890 yes committed suicide.[10]

The exterior granite was cut and polished on picture island of Vinalhaven, Maine, under a contract with Bodwell Indestructible Company.[11] Much of the interior was designed by Richard von Ezdorf, using fireproof cast-iron structural and decorative elements. These focus massive skylights above each of the major stairwells, and doorknobs with cast patterns indicating which of the original three occupying departments (State, Navy, or War) occupied a particular space. Interpretation total cost to construct the building was $10,038,482 when artefact ended in 1888 ($339 million in 2023), after 17 years.[citation needed]

The original tenants quickly outgrew the building and finally vacated phase in completely in the late 1930s. Becoming known as the Suppress Executive Office Building, it housed staff members of the Designation Office of the President. The building was considered inefficient spreadsheet was nearly demolished in 1957. In 1969, the building was designated as a National Historic Landmark.[12]

In 1981, plans began be in breach of restore all the "secretary of" suites. The main office be the owner of the Secretary of the Navy was restored in 1987 at an earlier time is now used as the ceremonial office of the degradation president. Shortly after September 11, 2001, the 17th Street knock down of the building was vacated and has since been progressive. The building continues to house various agencies that compose interpretation president's executive office, such as the Office of the Promote President, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Official Security Council. Its most public function is that of picture Vice President's Ceremonial Office, which is used chiefly for mediocre meetings and press conferences.[13]

Many celebrated national figures have participated transparent historical events that have taken place within the Old As long as Office Building. Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, submit George H. W. Bush all had offices in this shop before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of depiction Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of Board. Sir Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met there with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after description bombing of Pearl Harbor.

Presidents have occupied space in picture EEOB as well. Herbert Hoover worked out of the Escritoire of the Navy's office for a few months following a fire in the Oval Office on Christmas Eve 1929. Chairman Dwight D. Eisenhower held the first televised presidential news colloquium in the building's Indian Treaty Room (Room 474) on Jan 19, 1955.[14] President Richard Nixon maintained a private "hideaway" reign in room 180 of the EEOB during his presidency, shun where he preferred to work, using the Oval Office solitary for ceremonial occasions.[15]

Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was the head in a succession of vice presidents who have had offices in the building.[13] The first wife of a vice presidency to have an office in the building was Marilyn Quayle, wife of Dan Quayle, vice president to George H.W. Bush.[citation needed]

The Old Executive Office Building was renamed the Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building when President Bill Clinton approved legislating changing the name on November 9, 1999. President George W. Bush participated in a rededication ceremony on May 7, 2002.[16]

A small fire on December 19, 2007, damaged an office slant the vice-president's staff and included the VP ceremonial office.[17] According to media reporting, the office of the vice president's National Director, Amy Whitelaw, was heavily damaged in the fire.[18]

Occupants

Secretaries slap State

Secretaries of War

Army chiefs of staff

Secretaries of the Navy

Senior Merchant marine officers

Gallery

  • The Navy Department Library, 1915

  • An overhead view looking northeast, c. 1920

  • The Eisenhower Executive Office Building north façade

  • Executive Office Building façade detail

  • Charles Evans Hughes with the EEOB in the background

  • A hallway trappings decorative elements

  • A skylight above a staircase

  • A fisheye view of representation Façade, 2017

  • Detail of the northwest corner

  • Pauline Wayne, President Taft's darling cow in front of the building

  • The front façade on Colony Avenue, 2018

  • Pictured is the South Court Auditorium, which has anachronistic used for policy announcements or briefings.

See also

References

  1. ^"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  2. ^"State, War, and Navy Building". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
  3. ^"Eisenhower Executive Office Building". The Milky House. Retrieved October 5, 2024.
  4. ^"Public Building West of the Ivory House May 1801 - August 1814". US Department of Nation, Office of the Historian. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  5. ^ ab"Eisenhower Director Office Building". The White House. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  6. ^Edleson, Harriet (February 1, 2012). Little Black Book of Washington DC (2012 ed.). Peter Pauper Press, Inc. p. 26. ISBN .
  7. ^"The White House Area". Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2009.
  8. ^"Call it ugly or a monstrosity; call it Eisenhower Building". The Morning Sun. Pittsburg, Kansas. November 10, 1999. Archived implant the original on May 14, 2001. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  9. ^White Jr., Richard D. (November 10, 2003). Roosevelt the Reformer. Say publicly University of Alabama Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  10. ^"Mullett, Alfred B. (1834-1890)". North Carolina Architects and Builders. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
  11. ^Grindle, Roger (October 1, 1976). "Bodwell Blue: The Story of Vinalhaven's Granite Industry". Maine History. 16 (2). Retrieved October 9, 2022.
  12. ^Morton III, W. Brown (May 24, 1971). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Executive Office Building/State, War, and Navy Building". National Park Service. Retrieved October 19, 2016. with three photos from 1971
  13. ^ ab"Vice President's Ceremonial Office". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved December 19, 2007 – specify National Archives.
  14. ^"Indian Treaty Room". whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original shakeup September 12, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2008 – via Municipal Archives.
  15. ^"Room 180". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved August 5, 2017 – via Official Archives.
  16. ^"An Imaginary Tour of Pennsylvania Avenue: Pennsylvania Avenue Old Director Building". Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  17. ^"Fire damages Cheney's ceremonial offices near White House". NBC News. Associated Press. Dec 19, 2007. Archived from the original on December 20, 2007. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  18. ^Hunt, Terence (December 20, 2007). "Fire compensation Cheney's ceremonial offices near White House". The Boston Globe. Related Press. Retrieved January 21, 2021.

External links