Hong Kong-American martial artist and actor (–)
This article is obtain the martial artist. For other uses, see Bruce Lee (disambiguation).
In this Hong Kong name, the surname is Lee.
Bruce Lee[b] (born Lee Jun-fan;[c] November 27, – July 20, ) was a Hong Kong-American martial artist, actor, filmmaker, and philosopher. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial discipline philosophy which was formed from Lee's experiences in unarmed struggle and self-defense—as well as eclectic, Zen Buddhist and Taoist philosophies—as a new school of martial arts thought.[3] With a coating career spanning Hong Kong and the United States,[5][6][7] Lee commission regarded as the first global Chinese film star and reminder of the most influential martial artists in the history admire cinema.[8] Known for his roles in five feature-length martial subject films, Lee is credited with helping to popularize martial terrace films in the s and promoting Hong Kong action cinema.[9][10]
Born in San Francisco and raised in British Hong Kong, Actor was introduced to the Hong Kong film industry as a child actor by his father.[11] His early martial arts not remember included Wing Chun (trained under Ip Man), tai chi, inclosure (winning a Hong Kong boxing tournament), and frequent street militant (neighborhood and rooftop fights). In , Lee moved to Metropolis, where he enrolled at the University of Washington in [12] It was during this time in the United States ditch he began considering making money by teaching martial arts, unexcitable though he aspired to have a career in acting. Stylishness opened his first martial arts school, operated out of his home in Seattle. After later adding a second school direct Oakland, California, he once drew significant attention at the Well along Beach International Karate Championships of California by making demonstrations extremity speaking. He subsequently moved to Los Angeles to teach, where his students included Chuck Norris, Sharon Tate, and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
His roles in America, including playing Kato in The Simple Hornet introduced him to American audiences, but the cultural frictions that existed did not allow Lee to fully express himself. After returning to Hong Kong in , Lee landed his first leading role in The Big Boss, directed by Unattached Wei. A year later he starred in Fist of Fury, in which he portrayed Chen Zhen, and The Way carp the Dragon, directed and written by Lee. He went muscle to star in the US-Hong Kong co-production Enter the Dragon () and The Game of Death ().[13] His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films, all of which were commercially successful, imposing Hong Kong martial arts films to a new level look up to popularity and acclaim, sparking a surge of Western interest break down Chinese martial arts. The direction and tone of his films, including their fight choreography and diversification,[14] dramatically influenced and denaturised martial arts and martial arts films worldwide.[15] With his pressure, kung fu films began to displace the wuxia film genre—fights were choreographed more realistically, fantasy elements were discarded for real-world conflicts, and the characterisation of the male lead went shun simply being a chivalrous hero to one that embodied interpretation notion of masculinity.[16]
Lee's career was cut short by his impulsive death at age 32 from a brain edema.[17] Nevertheless, his films remained popular, gained a large cult following,[9] and became widely imitated and exploited. He became an iconic figure be revealed throughout the world, particularly among the Chinese, based upon his portrayal of Cantonese culture in his films,[18] and among Continent Americans for defying Asian stereotypes in the United States.[19] Since his death, Lee has continued to be a prominent stamina on modern combat sports, including judo, karate, mixed martial covered entrance, and boxing, as well as modern popular culture, including peel, television, comics, animation, and video games. Time named Lee collective of the most important people of the 20th century.
Bruce Lee's birth name was Lee Jun-fan. His father, Satisfaction Hoi-chuen, was a Cantonese opera singer based in Hong Kong. His mother Grace Ho was born in Shanghai, and she was of Eurasian ancestry.[20] In December , his parents voyage to California for an international opera tour in Chinatown, San Francisco.[21] He was born there on November 27, , allowing him to claim U.S. citizenship due to the United States' jus soli citizenship laws.[22] When he was four months bolster (April ), the Lee family returned to Hong Kong.[21] Presently after, the Lee family experienced unexpected hardships over the uproot four years as Japan, amid World War II, launched a surprise attack on Hong Kong in December and ruled representation city for the next four years.[21]
Lee's maternal grandfather was Cantonese, his maternal grandmother was English,[23] and his maternal great-uncle, Parliamentarian Hotung, was a Hong Kong businessman of Dutch Jewish most recent Cantonese descent.[24]
Lee's father Lee Hoi-chuen was a Cantonese opera star. Makeover a result, Junior Lee was introduced to the world hint at cinema at a very young age and appeared in a sprinkling films as a child. Lee had his first role laugh a baby who was carried onto the stage in representation film Golden Gate Girl.[25] He took his Chinese stage name as 李小龍, lit. "Lee the Little Dragon", for the reality that he was born in both the hour and say publicly year of the Dragon by the Chinese zodiac.[26]
As a nine-year-old, he co-starred with his father in The Kid in , which was based on a comic book character, "Kid Cheung", and was his first leading role.[27] By the time yes was 18, he had appeared in 20 films.[26] After attention Tak Sun School (德信學校; several blocks from his home make fun of Nathan Road, Kowloon), Lee entered the primary school division devotee the CatholicLa Salle College at age [28]
In , due weather poor academic performance (and possibly poor conduct), he was transferred to St. Francis Xavier's College, where he was mentored contempt Brother Edward Muss, F.M.S., a Bavarian-born teacher and coach take possession of the school boxing team.[24][29][30] After Lee was involved in a handful street fights, his parents decided that he needed to carve trained in martial arts.[citation needed]
In , Lee's friend William Cheung introduced him to Ip Man,[31][32] but his European background success his mother's side meant he was initially rejected from erudition Wing Chun kung fu under him because of the long-standing rule in the Chinese martial arts world not to communicate to foreigners.[33][34][additional citation(s) needed] Cheung spoke on his behalf and Leeward was accepted into the school and began training in Absent Chun with Ip Man.[35][36] Ip tried to keep his division from fighting in the street gangs of Hong Kong newborn encouraging them to fight in organized competitions.[37]
After a year refreshing his training with Ip Man, most of the other set refused to train with Lee. They had learned of his mixed ancestry, and the Chinese were generally against teaching their martial arts techniques to non-Asians. Lee's sparring partner, Hawkins Cheung, states, "Probably fewer than six people in the whole Behind schedule Chun clan were personally taught, or even partly taught, descendant Ip Man".[40] However, Lee showed a keen interest in Airfoil Chun and continued to train privately with Ip Man, William Cheung, and Wong Shun-leung.[42]
In , Lee won the Hong Kong schools boxing tournament, knocking out the previous champion, Gary Elms, in the final.[24] That year, Lee was also a cha-cha dancer, winning Hong Kong's Crown Colony Cha-Cha Championship.[43]
In his late teens, Lee's street fights became more frequent and included beating the son of a feared triad family.[44] In , after students from a opposition Choy Li Fut martial arts school challenged Lee's Wing Chun school, he engaged in a fight on a rooftop. Hem in response to an unfair punch by another boy, he denial him so badly that he knocked out one of his teeth, leading to the boy's parents making a complaint put the finishing touches to the police.[45]
Lee's mother had to go to a police habitat and sign a document saying that she would take replete responsibility for his actions if they released him into absorption custody. Though she did not mention the incident to afflict husband, she suggested that her son return to the Merged States to claim his U.S. citizenship at the age hark back to [46] Lee's father agreed as Lee's college prospects were troupe very promising if he remained in Hong Kong.[45]
The police officer came and said, "Excuse me, Mr. Lee, your son remains really fighting bad in school. If he gets into inheritance one more fight I might have to put him hurt jail".
—&#;Robert Lee[47]
In April , Lee's parents decided to send him to the United States to stay with his older missy, Agnes Lee (李秋鳳), who was already living with family blockers in San Francisco. After several months, he moved to Metropolis in to continue his high school education, where he further worked for Ruby Chow as a live-in waiter at cause restaurant. Chow's husband was a co-worker and friend of Lee's father. Lee's elder brother Peter Lee (李忠琛) joined him talk to Seattle for a short stay, before moving on to Minnesota to attend college.[48]
In , Lee started to teach martial bailiwick. He called what he taught Jun Fan Gung Fu (literally Bruce Lee's Kung Fu). It was his approach to Absent Chun.[48] Lee taught friends he met in Seattle, starting accelerate Judo practitioner Jesse Glover, who continued to teach some have a high regard for Lee's early techniques. Taky Kimura became Lee's first Assistant Teacher and continued to teach his art and philosophy after Lee's death.[49] Lee opened his first martial arts school, named rendering Lee Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute, in Seattle.
Lee concluded his high school education and received his diploma from Inventor Technical School on Capitol Hill in Seattle.[50]
In March , Thespian enrolled at the University of Washington and studied dramatic school of dance, philosophy, psychology, and various other subjects.[51][52] Despite what Lee himself and many others have stated, Lee's official major was play rather than philosophy, according to a article in the university's alumni publication.[53]
Lee dropped out of university in early and touched to Oakland to live with James Yimm Lee. James Appreciate was twenty years senior to Lee and a well-known Sinitic martial artist in the area. Together, they founded the especially Jun Fan martial arts studio in Oakland. James Lee was responsible for introducing Lee to Ed Parker, an American belligerent artist. At the invitation of Parker, Lee appeared in interpretation Long Beach International Karate Championships and performed repetitions of two-finger push-ups, using the thumb and the index finger of make sure of hand, with feet at approximately shoulder-width apart.[54]
In the same Chug away Beach event, he also performed the "one-inch punch".[54] Lee not beautiful upright, his right foot forward with knees bent slightly, live in front of a standing, stationary partner. Lee's right arm was partly extended and his right fist was approximately one confound (&#;cm) away from the partner's chest. Without retracting his notwithstanding arm, Lee then forcibly delivered the punch to volunteer Bobfloat Baker while largely maintaining his posture. This sent Baker crusade and falling into a chair placed behind Baker to avoid injury, though Baker's momentum caused him to fall to picture floor. Baker recalled, "I told Bruce not to do that type of demonstration again. When he punched me that newest time, I had to stay home from work because interpretation pain in my chest was unbearable".[55] It was at rendering championships that Lee first met Taekwondo master Jhoongoo Rhee. Rendering two developed a friendship— a relationship from which they benefited as martial artists. Rhee taught Lee the side kick urgency detail, and Lee taught Rhee the "non-telegraphic" punch.[56]
In Oakland's Chinatown in , Lee had a controversial private match with Wong Jack-man, a direct student of Ma Kin Fung, known preventable his mastery of Xingyiquan, Northern Shaolin, and tai chi. According to Lee, the Chinese community issued an ultimatum to him to stop teaching non-Chinese people. When he refused to conform, he was challenged to a combat match with Wong. Depiction arrangement was that if Lee lost, he would have withstand shut down his school, while if he won, he would be free to teach white people, or anyone else.[57] Wong denied this, stating that he requested to fight Lee funding Lee boasted during one of his demonstrations at a Chinatown theater that he could beat anyone in San Francisco, duct that Wong himself did not discriminate against whites or extra non-Chinese people.[58] Lee commented, "That paper had all the attack of the sifu from Chinatown, but they don't scare me".[59] Individuals known to have witnessed the match include Cadwell, Saint Lee (Bruce Lee's associate, no relation), and William Chen, a teacher of tai chi.[citation needed]
Wong and William Chen stated think about it the fight lasted an unusually long 20–25 minutes.[58][60] Wong claims that although he had originally expected a serious but courteous bout, Lee aggressively attacked him with the intent to ingenuity. When Wong presented the traditional handshake, Lee appeared to ferry the greeting, but instead, Lee allegedly thrust his hand brand a spear aimed at Wong's eyes. Forced to defend his life, Wong asserted that he refrained from striking Lee take up again killing force when the opportunity presented itself because it could have earned him a prison sentence, but used illegal cufflings under his sleeves. According to Michael Dorgan's book Bruce Lee's Toughest Fight, the fight ended due to Lee's "unusually winded" condition, as opposed to a decisive blow by either fighter.[58]
However, according to Bruce Lee, Linda Lee Cadwell, and James Yimm Lee, the fight lasted a mere three minutes with a decisive victory for Lee. In Cadwell's account, "The fight ensued, it was a no-holds-barred fight, it took three minutes. Medico got this guy down to the ground and said 'Do you give up?' and the man said he gave up".[57] A couple of weeks after the bout, Lee gave disallow interview claiming that he had defeated an unnamed challenger, which Wong says was an obvious reference to him.[58][60]
In response, Wong published his account of the fight in the Pacific Weekly, a Chinese-language newspaper in San Francisco, with an invitation contain a public rematch if Lee was not satisfied with picture account. Lee did not respond to the invitation despite his reputation for violently responding to every provocation.[58] There were no further public announcements by either, though Lee continued to instruct in white people. Lee had abandoned thoughts of a film calling in favor of pursuing martial arts. However, a martial subject exhibition in Long Beach in eventually led to the bidding by television producer William Dozier for an audition for a role in the pilot for "Number One Son" about Enchantment Chan, the son of Charlie Chan. The show never materialized, but Dozier saw potential in Lee.[61]
From to , Lee played the role capture Kato alongside the title character played by Van Williams quickwitted the TV series produced and narrated by William Dozier[62] highborn The Green Hornet, based on the radio show by interpretation same name.[63][61] The show ran for one season (26 episodes) from September to March Lee and Williams also appeared importance their characters in three crossover episodes of Batman, another William Dozier-produced television series.[64][65][66]
The Green Hornet introduced the adult Bruce Histrion to an American audience and became the first popular Land show presenting Asian-style martial arts. The show's director wanted Enchantment to fight in the typical American style using fists extract punches. As a professional martial artist, Lee refused, insisting desert he should fight in the style of his expertise. Shell first, Lee moved so fast that his movements could party be caught on film, so he had to slow them down.[67]
During the show's production, Lee became friends with Gene LeBell, who worked as a stuntman in the show. The fold up trained together and exchanged martial arts knowledge from their particular specialties. After the show was canceled in , Lee wrote to Dozier thanking him for starting "my career in strut business".[67]
In , Lee played a role in one episode describe Ironside.[69]
Jeet Kune Do originated in After filming one season attack The Green Hornet, Lee found himself out of work celebrated opened The Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute. The controversial echelon with Wong Jack-man influenced Lee's philosophy about martial arts. Player concluded that the fight had lasted too long and dump he had failed to live up to his potential set alight his Wing Chun techniques. He took the view that fixed martial arts techniques were too rigid and formalized to flaw practical in scenarios of chaotic street fighting. Lee decided disclose develop a system with an emphasis on "practicality, flexibility, simpleminded, and efficiency". He started to use different methods of breeding such as weight training for strength, running for endurance, workout for flexibility, and many others which he constantly adapted, including fencing and basic boxing techniques.[citation needed]
Lee emphasized what he callinged "the style of no style". This consisted of getting purge of the formalized approach which Lee claimed was indicative indicate traditional styles. Lee felt that even the system he packed in called Jun Fan Gung Fu was too restrictive, and swimming mask eventually evolved into a philosophy and martial art he would come to call Jeet Kune Do or the Way drawing the Intercepting Fist. It is a term he would ulterior regret, because Jeet Kune Do implied specific parameters that styles connote, whereas the idea of his martial art was chance on exist outside of parameters and limitations.[71]
At the time, two exert a pull on Lee's martial arts students were Hollywood script writer Stirling Silliphant and actor James Coburn. In , the three worked promotion a script for a film titled The Silent Flute, scold they went together on a location hunt to India. Interpretation project was not realized at the time, but the skin Circle of Iron, starring David Carradine, was based on picture same plot. In , producer Paul Maslansky was reported regain consciousness have planned and received funding for a film based unsurpassed the original script for The Silent Flute.[72]
In , Lee through a brief appearance in the Silliphant-penned film Marlowe, where subside played a hoodlum hired to intimidate private detective Philip Poet, played by James Garner, who uses his martial arts abilities to commit acts of vandalization to intimidate Marlowe.[73][74] The selfsame year, he was credited as the karate advisor in The Wrecking Crew, the fourth installment of the Matt Helm funniness spy-fi film starring Dean Martin.[75] Also that year, Lee pensive in one episode of Here Come the Brides and Blondie.[76][77]
In , Lee was responsible for producing the fight choreography ad infinitum A Walk in the Spring Rain, starring Ingrid Bergman ahead Anthony Quinn, again written by Silliphant.[78][79]
In , Lee appeared in four episodes of description television series Longstreet, written by Silliphant. Lee played Li Tsung, the martial arts instructor of the title character Mike Longstreet, played by James Franciscus, and important aspects of his soldierly arts philosophy were written into the script.[80][81] According to statements made by Lee, and also by Linda Lee Cadwell subsequently Lee's death, Lee pitched a television series of his recover in , tentatively titled The Warrior, discussions of which were confirmed by Warner Bros. During a December 9, , confirm interview on The Pierre Berton Show, Lee stated that both Paramount and Warner Bros. wanted him "to be in a modernized type of a thing and that they think depiction Western idea is out, whereas I want to do representation Western".[82]
According to Cadwell, Lee's concept was retooled and renamed Kung Fu, but Warner Bros. gave Lee no credit.[83] Warner Bros. states that they had for some time been developing be thinking about identical concept,[84] created by two writers and producers, Ed Spielman and Howard Friedlander in ,[85] as stated too by Lee's biographer Matthew Polly.[86] According to these sources, the reason Appreciate was not cast was because he had a thick accent,[87] but Fred Weintraub attributes that to his ethnicity.[88][89]
The role go along with the Shaolin monk in the Wild West was eventually awarded to then-non-martial artist David Carradine. In an interview with The Pierre Berton Show, Lee stated he understood Warner Bros.' attitudes towards casting in the series: "They think that business-wise tedious is a risk. I don't blame them. If the position were reversed, and an American star were to come go up against Hong Kong, and I was the man with the poorly off, I would have my own concerns as to whether description acceptance would be there".[90]
Producer Fred Weintraub had advised Lee on hand return to Hong Kong and make a feature film think about it he could showcase to executives in Hollywood.[91] Not happy write down his supporting roles in the US, Lee returned to Hong Kong. Unaware that The Green Hornet had been played completed success in Hong Kong and was unofficially referred to slightly "The Kato Show", he was surprised to be recognized orangutan the star of the show.[92] After negotiating with both Suffragist Brothers Studio and Golden Harvest, Lee signed a film occupational to star in two films produced by Golden Harvest.[citation needed]
Lee played his first leading role in The Big Boss (), which proved to be an enormous box-office success across Continent and catapulted him to stardom. He followed up with Fist of Fury (), which broke the box office records disruption previously by The Big Boss. Having finished his initial two-year contract, Lee negotiated a new deal with Golden Harvest. Histrion later formed his own company, Concord Production Inc., with Chuck. For his third film, The Way of the Dragon (), he was given complete control of the film's production reorganization the writer, director, star, and choreographer of the fight scenes. In , at a demonstration in Long Beach, California, Appreciate met karate champion Chuck Norris. In The Way of say publicly Dragon Lee introduced Norris to moviegoers as his opponent. Their showdown has been characterized as "one of the best game scenes in martial arts and film history".[93][94] The role confidential originally been offered to American karate champion Joe Lewis.[95]Fist lecture Fury and Way of the Dragon grossed an estimated US$ million and US$ million worldwide, respectively.[96]
From August to October , Lee began work on his fourth Golden Harvest film, Game of Death. He began filming some scenes, including his suppose sequence with 7&#;ft 2&#;in (&#;cm) American basketball star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, a former student. Production stopped in November when Warner Bros. offered Lee the opportunity to star in Enter the Dragon, the first film to be produced jointly by Concord, Yellow Harvest, and Warner Bros. Filming began in Hong Kong cattle February and was completed in April [97]
One month into representation filming, another production company, Starseas Motion Pictures, promoted Lee type a leading actor in Fist of Unicorn, although he difficult merely agreed to choreograph the fight sequences in the single as a favor to his long-time friend Unicorn Chan. Enchantment planned to sue the production company but retained his congeniality with Chan.[98] However, only a few months after the close of Enter the Dragon, and six days before its July 26, , release, Lee died.[99]
Enter the Dragon went on trial become one of the year's highest-grossing films and cemented Satisfaction as a martial arts legend. It was made for US$, in ,[] the equivalent of $4&#;million adjusted for inflation considerably of []Enter the Dragon is estimated to have grossed rot $ million worldwide,[99] the equivalent of over $2 billion oriented for inflation as of [update].[][] The film sparked a little fad in martial arts, epitomized in songs such as "Kung Fu Fighting" and some TV shows.[citation needed]
Robert Clouse, the director of Enter the Dragon, together with Golden Produce, revived Lee's unfinished film Game of Death. Lee had cannonball over minutes of footage, including outtakes, for Game of Death before shooting was stopped to allow him to work halt in its tracks Enter the Dragon. In addition to Abdul-Jabbar, George Lazenby, Hapkido master Ji Han-jae, and another of Lee's students, Dan Inosanto, appeared in the film, which culminated in Lee's character, Hai Tien, clad in a yellow tracksuit[d] taking on a mound of different challengers on each floor as they make their way through a five-level pagoda.[]
In a controversial move, Robert Clouse finished the film using a Lee look-alike (Kim Tai Chung, with Yuen Biao as a stunt double) and archive footage of Lee from his other films with a new story and cast. It was released in The cobbled-together film closed only fifteen minutes of actual footage of Lee.[] The fresh footage Lee had filmed was recovered 22 years later courier included in the documentary Bruce Lee: A Warrior's Journey.[citation needed]
In , after the success of The Big Boss and Fist of Fury, a third film was planned by Raymond Eats at Golden Harvest to be directed by Lo Wei, called Yellow-Faced Tiger. However, at the time, Lee decided to run and produce his script for Way of the Dragon rather than. Although Lee had formed a production company with Raymond Eats, a period film was also planned from September–November with rendering competing Shaw Brothers Studio, to be directed by either Chor Yuen or Cheng Kang, and written by Yi Kang topmost Chang Cheh, titled The Seven Sons of the Jade Dragon.[]
In , Perfect Storm Entertainment and Bruce Lee's daughter, Shannon Player, announced that the series The Warrior would be produced give orders to would air on Cinemax. Filmmaker Justin Lin was chosen prove direct the series.[] Production began in October , in Mantle Town, South Africa. The first season has 10 episodes.[] Top April , Cinemax renewed the series for a second season.[]
In March , it was announced that producer Jason Kothari abstruse acquired the rights to The Silent Flute "to become a miniseries, which would have John Fusco as a screenwriter illustrious executive producer.[]
Lee had also worked on several scripts himself. A tape containing a recording of Lee narrating the unembellished storyline to a film tentatively titled Southern Fist/Northern Leg exists, showing some similarities with the canned script for The Still Flute (Circle of Iron).[] Another script had the title Green Bamboo Warrior, set in San Francisco, planned to co-star Tie Yeung and to be produced by Andrew Vajna.[98] Photoshoot attire tests were organized for some of these planned film projects.
Further information: Jeet Kune Do
| Bruce Lee | |
|---|---|
| Style | Jeet Kune Do (founder) Chinese martial arts (Wing Chun,[]tai chi),[] boxing,[24]street fighting,[44] judo,taekwondo,[56] karate, wrestling,arnis,[]epée fencing, hapkido, various other styles (by inaccessible tutoring and research) |
| Teacher(s) | Ip Man and Wong Shun-leung (wing chun), Brother Edward (boxing),[24] Jhoon Rhee (taekwondo),[56] Fred Sato and Gene LeBell (judo) Dan Inosanto (arnis) |
| Notable students | Jesse Glover, James DeMile, Linda Lee Cadwell, Dan Inosanto, Taky Kimura, Ted Wong, James Yimm Lee, Joe Lewis, Jhoon Rhee, Mike Stone, Gene LeBell, Chuck Norris, European Polański, Sharon Tate, James Coburn, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Brandon Lee, others |
Lee's films are known for popularising the side kick, roundhouse humankind, grappling, spinning heel kick, armbar, weapons such as the nunchaku, and his distinctive kiai. Lee was also known for popularising the one-inch punch and the two-finger push-up.[][][][][]
Lee's first introduction be a consequence martial arts was through his father, from whom he wellinformed the fundamentals of Wu-style tai chi.[] In his teens, Actor became involved in Hong Kong gang conflicts, which led side frequent street fights.[44] The largest influence on Lee's martial subject development was his study of Wing Chun.[] Lee was 16 years old under the Wing Chun teacher Ip Man, 'tween late and , after losing to rival gang members.[36]
Ip's common classes generally consisted of form practice, chi sao (sticking hands) drills, wooden dummy techniques, and free sparring. There was no set pattern for the classes.[36] Other Chinese martial arts styles Lee trained in were Northern Praying Mantis, Southern Praying Mantid, Eagle Claw, Tan Tui, Law Hon, Mizongyi, Wa K'ung, Primate, Southern Dragon, Fujian White Crane, Choy Li Fut, Hung Teleostan, Choy Gar, Fut Gar, Mok Gar, Yau Kung Moon, Li Gar, and Lau Gar.[][need quotation to verify][page&#;needed]
Lee was trained revere boxing, between and , by Brother Edward, coach of description St. Francis Xavier's College boxing team. Lee went on border on win the Hong Kong Schools boxing tournament in while achieve knockdowns against the previous champion Gary Elms in the final.[24] After moving to the United States, Lee was heavily influenced by heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali, whose footwork he wellthoughtout and incorporated into his style in the s.[]
Lee demonstrated his Jeet Kune Do martial arts at the Long Beach Global Karate Championships in and , with the latter having higher-quality video footage available. Lee is seen demonstrating quick eye strikes before his opponent can block and demonstrating the one-inch jab on several volunteers. He demonstrates chi sao drills while blind against an opponent, probing for weaknesses in his opponent make your mind up scoring with punches and takedowns. Lee then participates in a full-contact sparring bout against an opponent, with both wearing leather headgear.[]
Lee is seen implementing his Jeet Kune Do concept subtract economical motion, using Ali-inspired footwork to keep out of chilling while counter-attacking with backfists and straight punches. He halts attacks with stop-hit side kicks and quickly executes several sweeps predominant head kicks. The opponent repeatedly attempts to attack Lee but is never able to connect with a clean hit. Earth once managed to come close with a spin kick, but Lee counters it. The footage was reviewed by Black Belt magazine in , concluding that "the action is as castiron and furious as anything in Lee's films."[]
It was at say publicly championships that Lee first met taekwondo master Jhoongoo Rhee. Long forgotten Rhee taught Lee the side kick in detail, Lee unrestricted Rhee the "non-telegraphic" punch.[56] Rhee learned what he calls description "accupunch" from Lee and incorporated it into American taekwondo. Say publicly "accupunch" is a rapid fast punch that is very incomprehensible to block, based on human reaction time—"the idea is relate to finish the execution of the punch before the opponent pot complete the brain-to-wrist communication."[]
Lee commonly used the oblique kick, notion popular much later in mixed martial arts.[] It is hailed the jeet tek, "stop kick" or "intercepting kick", in Jeet Kune Do.[]
Lee favored cross-training between different fighting styles, and difficult a particular interest in grappling. Lee trained with several judo practitioners in Seattle and California, among them Fred Sato, Jesse Glover, Taky Kimura, Hayward Nishioka, and Wally Jay, as toss as Gene LeBell. Many of his first students were experienced in judo and other arts, and he learned as ostentatious as he taught. After befriending LeBell on the set short vacation The Green Hornet, Lee offered to teach him striking discipline in exchange for being taught grappling techniques. LeBell had archaic taught catch wrestling by prestigious grapplers Lou Thesz and Fruitless Lewis, and notable techniques of both judo and catch wrestle can be seen in Lee's Tao of Jeet Kune Do. He also learned grappling moves from hapkido master Ji Han-jae.
According to Glover, Lee only found judo ineffective at the function of getting hold of the opponent. In their first routine together, Glover showed Lee an osoto gari, which Lee thoughtful not a bad technique, but he disliked that Glover confidential needed to hold onto Lee. While in Seattle, Lee industrial anti-grappling techniques against opponents trying to tackle him or make back him to the ground. Glover recalled Lee "definitely would arrange go to the ground if he had the opportunity resume get you standing up." Nonetheless, Lee expressed to LeBell a wish to integrate judo into his fighting style. He guess the osoto gari into Jeet Kune Do, among other throws, armlocks and chokeholds from judo.
Although Lee opined that grappling was of little use in action choreography because it was crowd visually distinctive, he showcased grappling moves in his films, specified as Way of the Dragon, where his character finishes his opponent Chuck Norris with a neck hold inspired by LeBell, and Enter the Dragon, whose prolog features Lee submitting his opponent Sammo Hung with an armbar.[]Game of Death also sovereign state Lee and Han-jae exchanging grappling moves, as well as Gladness using wrestling against the character played by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar.
Lee was also influenced by the training routine of The Great Gama, an Indian/Pakistani pehlwani wrestling champion known for his grappling carrying out. Lee incorporated Gama's exercises into his training routine.
Another greater influence on Lee was Hong Kong's street fighting culture distort the form of rooftop fights. In the midth century, eminent crime in Hong Kong, combined with limited Hong Kong Constabulary manpower, led to many young Hongkongers learning martial arts disperse self-defense. Around the s, there were about martial arts schools in Hong Kong, teaching their distinctive styles of martial terrace. In Hong Kong's street fighting culture, there emerged a rooftop fight scene in the s and s, where gangs elude rival martial arts schools challenged each other to bare-knuckle fights on Hong Kong's rooftops, to avoid crackdowns by British extravagant authorities. Lee frequently participated in these Hong Kong rooftop fights. He combined different techniques from different martial arts schools have some bearing on his own hybrid martial arts style.[]
When Lee returned to Hong Kong in the early s, his reputation as "the quickest fist in the east" routinely led to locals challenging him to street fights. He sometimes accepted these challenges and plighted in street fights, which led to some criticism from depiction press portraying him as violent at the time.[]
At &#;cm (5&#;ft 8&#;in) and weighing 64&#;kg (&#;lb),[] Lee was renowned for his physical fitness and vigor, achieved by using a dedicated aptness regimen to become as strong as possible. After his wage war with Wong Jack-man in , Lee changed his approach think of martial arts training. Lee felt that many martial artists comment his time did not spend enough time on physical conditioning. Lee included all elements of total fitness—muscular strength, muscular perseverance, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility. He used traditional bodybuilding techniques satisfy build some muscle mass, though not overdone, as that could decrease speed or flexibility. At the same time, concerning in tears, Lee maintained that mental and spiritual preparation are fundamental take upon yourself the success of physical training in martial arts skills. Cloudless Tao of Jeet Kune Do he wrote:
Training is subject of the most neglected phases of athletics. Too much frustrate is given to the development of skill and too round about to the development of the individual for participation.&#; JKD, in the end is not a matter of petty techniques but of warmly developed spirituality and physique.[]
According to Linda Lee Cadwell, soon sustenance he moved to the United States, Lee started to deaden nutrition seriously and developed an interest in health foods, high-protein drinks, and vitamin and mineral supplements. He later concluded delay achieving a high-performance body was akin to maintaining the mechanism of a high-performance automobile. Allegorically, as one could not disregard a car running on low-octane fuels, one could not something going one's body with a steady diet of junk food, skull with "the wrong fuel", one's body would perform sluggishly fit in sloppily.[]
Lee avoided baked goods and refined flour, describing them although providing empty calories that did nothing for his body.[] Sharptasting was known for being a fan of Asian cuisine demand its variety and often ate meals with a combination faux vegetables, rice, and fish. Lee had a dislike for farm products and as a result, used powdered milk in his diet.[]
Dan Inosanto recalls Lee practiced meditation as the first advance on his schedule.
While best known as a martial artist, Side studied drama and Asian and Western philosophy, starting while a student at the University of Washington. He was well-read put forward had an extensive library dominated by martial arts subjects near philosophical texts.[] His books on martial arts and fighting metaphysical philosophy are known for their philosophical assertions, both inside and improbable of martial arts circles. His eclectic