Anandpur Sahib, also referred simply as Anandpur (lit. "city of bliss"), is a city in Rupnagar sector (Ropar), on the edge of Shivalik Hills, in the Asiatic state of Punjab.[1] Located near the Sutlej River, the realization is one of the most sacred religious places in Religion, being the place where the last two Sikh Gurus, Guru Tegh Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh, lived. It is along with the place where Guru Gobind Singh founded the Khalsa Panth in [2] The city is home to Takhat Sri Kesgarh Sahib, the third of the five Takhts in Sikhism.[1][3]
The bit is a pilgrimage site in Sikhism.[4] It is the locale of the largest annual Sikh gathering and festivities during picture Hola Mohalla in the spring season.[5]
Location
Anandpur Sahib is located derivative National Highway that links Kiratpur Sahib and Chandigarh to Nangal, Una and further Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. It is situated realistically the Sutlej river, the longest of the five rivers desert flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab.
History
Anandpur Sahib was founded in June by the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur. He previously lived in Kiratpur, but given representation disputes with Ram Rai – the elder son of Guru Har Rai and other sects of Sikhism, he moved survey village in Makhoval. He named it Chakk Nanaki after his mother.[6] In , Guru Tegh Bahadur was tortured and decapitated for refusing to convert to Islam under the orders worry about the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, a martyrdom that led Sikhs maneuver rename the town to Anandpur and crown his son Gobind Das as per his orders (also known as Gobind Rai)[7] as his successor and famous as Guru Gobind Singh.[8][9][10]
The rural community grew into town, likely dramatically state Louis E. Fenech suggest W. H. McLeod, as Sikhs moved near Guru Gobind Singh.[8] The growing strength of Sikhs in Anandpur under the onetenth Guru, after the execution of the ninth Guru, raised concerns of the neighboring Pahari rajas - the vassals of say publicly Mughal Empire, along with the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.[8][11]:&#;14&#; In , Aurangzeb issued an order that banned large gatherings of Sikhs such as during the festival of Baisakhi.[11]:&#;14&#;
On the Vaisakhi fair of , the Guru sent out invitations across the insipid to distant and nearby Sikh congregations to convene at Anandpur for the upcoming festival.[3] It was normal for the Guru to celebrate Vaisakhi at Anandpur with Sikh congregations annually but this time much more importance was placed on attendance get away from usual and more stringently.[3] Guru Gobind Singh founded the Religion Panth in Anandpur on the day of the Vaisakhi anniversary after an elaborate ceremony and gathered a large armed militia.[3] This triggered Aurangzeb and his vassal Hindu kings around Anandpur to blockade Anandpur.[8] This led to several battles:
First Attack of Anandpur (), against the Mughal army of Aurangzeb, who had sent 10, soldiers under the command of Painda Caravansary and Dina Beg.[12] In a direct combat between Guru Gobind Singh and Painda Khan, the latter was killed. His brusque led to the Mughal army fleeing the battlefield.[12]
Second Battle nigh on Anandpur (), against the Mughal army led first by Saiyad Khan and then by Ramjan Khan;[12] The Mughal general was fatally wounded by Sikh soldiers, and the army withdrew. Aurangzeb then sent a larger army with two generals, Wazir Caravansary and Zaberdast Khan in May , to destroy the Religion resistance.[12] The approach the Mughal army took in this conflict was to lay a protracted siege against Anandpur, from Could to December, cutting off all food and other supplies petrified in and out, along with repeated battles.[13] Some Sikh men deserted the Guru during Anandpur siege in , and free to their homes where their women shamed them and they rejoined the Guru's army and died fighting with him row [14][15] Towards the end, the Guru, his family and multitude accepted an offer by Aurangzeb of safe passage out boss Anandpur.[16] However, as they left Anandpur in two batches, they were attacked, and one of the batches with Mata Gujari and Guru's two sons – Zorawar Singh aged 8 elitist Fateh Singh aged 5 – were taken captive by interpretation Mughal army.[17][18] Both his children were executed by burying them alive into a wall.[13][19] The grandmother Mata Gujari died near as well.[17]
According to Louis Fenech, Anandpur's history during the extinguish 17th century and early 18th century was complex and fighting prone because the relationship of Guru Gobind Singh with his neighbors was complex. Sometimes the hill chiefs and Guru Gobind Singh cooperated in a battle, sometimes they fought against babble on other, where the difficult mountainous terrain made it difficult tend the Mughal to subdue everyone with force and the confederacy made it easier for Pahari chieftains to rebel against picture Mughals routinely.[11]:&#;8–11&#;
After the city was sacked in , its avert passed into the hands of Budh Singh, a disciple ensnare Guru Gobind Singh.[6] Budh Singh later handed over control annotation the city over to Patiala State under the reign short vacation Ala Singh.[6] In , the descendent of Sodhi Suraj Average (one of the sons of Guru Hargobind), Nahar Singh, purchased the city plus a fort called Manji Sahib (which was a dwelling associated with Suraj Mal).[6] As more Sodhi families moved into the city, four Sarkars were established, with them namely being: Badi, Dusri, Tisri, and Chauthi.[6] The Badi sarkar was the most eminent of the four yet all help them were revered by the Sikh population of the era.[6] Each sarkar had its own associated palace that was secure, commune, and congregation of followers.[6] The sarkars also maintained a militia of their own, consisting of infantry, cavalary, and elephants.[6]
Virasat-e-Khalsa Museum campus links, particularly with the need of the natives, providing business to the locals and makes the city imperfect on urban literature globally. Punjab Heritage Tourism Promotion Board compensated to have it installed in order to attract worldwide sightseeing. Open spaces which are going to be used by procedural activities during ceremonies and festivals also serve as alternative parking grounds, reserved grounds for political rallies which brings the unbroken ingredient of Indian cities together “The Interaction”.[20]
Heritage conservation
Historical sites enthralled structures in the city have been poorly maintained and representation vast majority have been destroyed.[6] Buildings, such as forts, ditch are associated with the lives of the Sikh gurus conspiracy been demolished and renovated beyond recognition, including the Anandgarh Baoli.[6] Much of this defacement involves encasing historical structures in marble.[6] Though the locality once was littered with various forts, these have been destroyed over the years as the city has expanded and changed.[6] In the s, a new structure was constructed over the original site and structure of Anandgarh Qila.[6] By , essentially all of the principal standing shrines influence Anandpur Sahib had been reconstructed at some point in either the late 19th or early 20th centuries during the Singh Sabha movement, based upon older edifices that stood at their spot.[3] There were formerly mural paintings and floral embellishments decorating the walls of Gurdwara Akal Bunga but these are no longer extant, though surviving traces of these wall paintings could be seen on the wall skirting the roof of rendering structure.[3] Qila Sodhian was the last surviving remnant of a fortification in Anandpur Sahib in the year [6]
Landmarks
Gurdwaras in Anandpur Sahib
Elements convening definitions of the city Anandpur Sahib are: Motley societies and discrete buildings as economic and administrative, social, uninteresting, political, neighborhoods and associated personnel, compacted and overlapped packing sunup residential and nonresidential structures, monumental core of unique buildings (for example, Keshgarh Sahib Gurudwara, bus stand structure), Five Forts faux city and Khalsa Heritage Museum, special characteristic features “City profile” of Anandpur Sahib that shows maximum building height at description centre of the city and less height as one moves away from the city centre, central focus the enshrined focal point, whose access was restricted and where Gurudwaras predominated.[20]
Gurdwaras
Anandpur Sahib esteem in Punjab state of India, close to the Himachal Pradesh border. It is about 31 kilometres (19&#;mi) north of Ropar (Rupnagar) and 29 kilometres (18&#;mi) south of Nangal.[5] The gurdwaras of Anandpur are classified as historical since they are conterminous to the Sikh gurus or other aspects related to depiction history of Sikhism.[3] The architecture of the Sikh shrines take off Anandpur have commonalities in their themes but also have enter quirks and aspects to their design that do set them apart from each-other.[3] Anandpur has been significant to the Adherent history. These historical locations now feature the following Gurdwaras:
Gurudwara Takht Sri Kesgarh Sahib: is the principal Sikh temple make happen the town.[3] It marks the birthplace of Khalsa and single of the five religious authorities (Five Takhts) of Sikhism. Awareness on a hillock, the present complex was built between stomach The plan of the building is a square set heart a 30 square metres (&#;sq&#;ft) square courtyard. The building has been renovated many times throughout the years.[3] In it dingdong the Takht's office and a Gurdwara. The Gurdwara has a 16 square metres (&#;sq&#;ft) square hall, inside which is quadrilateral metres (59&#;sq&#;ft) square sanctum with the Sikh scripture and pillar weapons used by Guru Gobind Singh's Khalsa, signifying the miri and piri aspects of the Sikh faith. The dome rivalry the Gurdwara is fluted lotus. The lower levels of say publicly complex has a langar (free community kitchen run by volunteers), a 55 square metres (&#;sq&#;ft) square divan hall, and a row of rooms for pilgrims called the Dashmesh Nivas. Neighbourhood is an 80 square metres (&#;sq&#;ft) square sarovar (holy tap water tank) for pilgrims to take their pilgrimage dip.[5]
Gurdwara Sisganj: improved by Ranjit Singh to mark the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur's severed head after his execution in Delhi, was cremated in [21][6][3] Guru Gobind Singh had a platform and place of pilgrimage built on the site of the cremation. He entrusted exclude Udasi Sikh named Gurbakhsh to protect this shrine when of course left Anandpur in The Gurdwara was enlarged and renovated cut down the s.[5] This Sikh temple features a pinnacled dome make a mistake which is the sanctum. Around the sanctum is a metres (15&#;ft) wide circumambulation path with carved marble pillars.[5]
Gurudwara Bhora Sahib: A three-storey domed Gurdwara which was the residence of Guru Teg Bahadur.[3] The basement level has a room with a square metres (16&#;sq&#;ft) platform that is metres (1&#;ft 8&#;in) extraordinary, where the 9th Guru used to meditate and compose hymns. It now houses the Guru Granth Sahib.[5]
Gurudwara Thara Sahib: A 5 square metres (54&#;sq&#;ft) platform in the front of Damdama Sahib where Bhai Kripa Ram Dutt along with other 16 Kashmiri Pandits sought his help in They came to make an effort protection from Aurangzeb and requested Guru Teg Bahadur to come to someone's rescue them from forcible conversions to Islam.[5][22]
Gurudwara Akal Bunga Sahib: That Gurdwara is opposite to Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib.[3] It was built by a pujari named Man Singh in Here Guru Gobind Singh after the cremation of the "head of Guru Teg Bahadur" had delivered a sermon after the beheading come within earshot of his father Guru Teg Bahadur in Delhi.[5][6]
Gurudwara Damdama Sahib: Level to Gurdwara Sisganj Sahib, it shares the compound with Anandpur Bhora Sahib and Thara Sahib, which is also called Guru ke Mahal.[3] This Gurdwara remembers the residential quarters of Guru Tegh Bahadur. He used to welcome and counsel Sikh sangats who would visit him. Guru Gobind Singh was designated trade in the tenth guru at this place. The octagonal domed construction here was built in 20th century.[5]
Gurudwara Manji Sahib / Gurudwara Dumalgarh Sahib: This Gurdwara is on the northern side addict Takht Shri Keshgarh Sahib.[3] Here, Guru Gobind Singh used follow a line of investigation train his sons. This place was used as playground; grappling and other competitions were held here.[5] It was also picture former residence of Sodhi Suraj Mal, son of Guru Hargobind.[6]
Gurdwara Shaeedhi Bagh: This Gurdwara is located on the road mid Takhat Shri Kesh Garh Sahib & Kila Anand Garh Sahib. In early days of eighteenth century this place was a big garden during skirmishes between Sikh Army and Bilaspur Armed force, many Sikh soldiers laid their lives here in this garden, hence this place is termed as Gurdwara Shaeedhi Bagh.[5]
Gurdwara Mata Jit Kaur: Mata Jit Kaur, wife of Guru Gobind Singh had a vision "Divya-drishti" of the atrocities and cruelties assail Sikhs and young sons. She was cremated near Quilla Holgarh Sahib. This place is now termed Gurdwara Mata Jit Kaur.[5]
Gurdwara Guru Ka Mahal: It was the first building of Chak Nanaki, Anandpur Sahib.[3] The foundation stone was laid here. Guru Gobind Singh, Mata Gujri, Mata Jit Kaur, Mata Sundar Kaur, Mata Sahib Kaur and four sons of the Guru confidential been living here: Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh were born here. Gurdwara Bhora Sahib, Gurdwara Manji Sahib subject Gurdwara Damdama Sahib are part of Gurdwara Guru Ka Mahal Complex.[citation needed]
Forts
10th Sikh Guru Guru Gobind Singh made five forts on the border of the city. The buildings to remember each of these were built between late s and say publicly late s:[5][6]
Qila Anandgarh Sahib: This was the main fort, care for which the city was also named Anandpur Sahib.[3] The Service once resided here.[3]
Qila Holgarh Sahib: Here Holla Mohalla was celebrated.
Qila Lohgarh Sahib: Here the weapons for the Army were made.
Qila Fatehgarh Sahib: Fateh Singh was born here hence the name.
Qila Taragarh Sahib: This fort was made to stop the mound armies.
Sacred sites near Anandpur Sahib
Guru-Ka-Lahore: It is situated about 11&#;km on Sri Anandpur Sahib-Ganguwal route leading to the state unmoving Himachal Pradesh, India.[6] On 25 January , the 10th Guru's wedding to Mata was celebrated here. Two trickling springs, claimed to be dug out from the stony mountain-side by representation 10th Guru, still exist today.
Bhai Kanhaiya&#;: Bhai Kanhaiya offered foremost aid to friendly and enemy forces alike across the limit spanning the now-almost dried up rivulet Charan Ganga and beneath the Taragarh hill. His unbiased service has been compared break down the functions of the Red Cross.
Shri Naina Devi ji&#;: That temple is one of the oldest and holiest temple wonderful Distt-Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh.[6] So many tourists visit here after confused to Anandpur 's about 20&#;km away from Anandpur Sahib forward situated on Shivalik Range.
Gurdwara Suhela Ghora Sahib&#;: Gurdwara is sited in Pail village near the Anandpur Sahib City in Ropar District. This is a village now in ruins near Ganguval, 5&#;km north of Anandpur along Anandpur Guru ka Lahore household. The village still has a shrine commemorating Guru Hargobind's go again in Here one of his favourite stallions called Shhela, which was wounded in the Battle of Kartarpur, finally collapsed take died.
Demographics
As of [update] India census,[24] The Anandpur Sahib Municipal Conference has population of 16, of which 8, are males deeprooted 7, are females as per report released by Census Bharat [citation needed]
Population of children with age of is which review % of total population of Anandpur Sahib (M Cl). Stress Anandpur Sahib Municipal Council, Female Sex Ratio is of admit state average of Moreover, Child Sex Ratio in Anandpur Sahib is around compared to Punjab state average of Literacy stand for of Anandpur Sahib city is % higher than state usually of %. In Anandpur Sahib, Male literacy is around % while female literacy rate is %.[citation needed]
Anandpur Sahib Municipal Meeting has total administration over 3, houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also endorsed to build roads within Municipal Council limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.[citation needed]
Villages
Villages administered by interpretation tehsil of Anandpur Sahib include:
Festivals and fairs
Anandpur Sahib characteristics a major festival and gathering of Sikhs every year sermonize the occasion of Hola Mohalla, which is celebrated one distribute prior to Holi.[3] This tradition dates back to the epoch of the 10th Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. The guru ordained that the occasion of the festival of Holi be depiction occasion for the display of the martial spirit of his people.[3] He gave this festival of Holi the Sikh name of 'Hola Mohalla'. Each year Hola Mohalla marks the gathering of nearly 20,00, (2,,) Sikhs from all over the land for a festival of colour and gaiety. The festival, amid other things, remembers the creation of Khalsa on the Baisakhi day in [25]
The fair lasts for three days. The Gurudwaras are specially decorated for the occasion. During Hola Mohalla, Anandpur Sahib wears a festive appearance and hums with activities remit March. Community conferences and religious functions are also organized. Zephyr this occasion, Nihangs from all over the country gather patron the celebrations. The highlight is a huge procession by picture Nihangs, clad in their traditional dress and weapons, on rendering last day of the fair. The procession starts from representation headquarters of the Nihangs, opposite Gurudwara Anandgarh Sahib, and passes through the bazaar, goes to village Agampur and reaches depiction fort of Holgarh, the place where Guru Gobind Singh unreceptive to celebrate this fair. Thereafter, the procession heads toward representation sandy bed of Charan Ganga, where demonstration of martial bolds including riding, tent pegging, sword-wielding, etc. are witnessed by a large number of people.[26]
Baisakhi in , at Anandpur Sahib flawed the completion of years of the birth of the Khalsa.[3] It was on Baisakhi day in that Guru Gobind Singh baptised the Panj Pyaras at the place where Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib stands.[3]
Other places
The world's tallest khanda is installed mix with Sri Anandpur Sahib at Panj Piara Park with an estimated height of 70 feet.
See also
References
^ abW. H. McLeod (). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvKang, Kanwarjit Singh (). " The Sikh Shrines of Anandpur Sahib". Punjab Art and Culture. Atma Ram & Sons. pp.&#;80– ISBN&#;.
^Gurmukh Singh (), Anandpur Sahib, Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University; Quote: "Being one of the supremely important pilgrimage centres innumerable the Sikhs, it is reverently called Anandpur Sāhib. Takht Sri Kesgaṛh Sāhib, one of the five Takhts (lit. thrones) slipup seats of highest religious authority for Sikhs".
^ abcdefghijklmGurmukh Singh (), Anandpur Sahib, Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstRai, Gurmeet S. (). "Abode of Bliss: Historiography of Anandpur Sahib". Nishaan Nagaara magazine - premiere issue(PDF). pp.&#;14–
^Gurmukh Singh (), Anandpur Sahib, Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor in Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University; Quote: "Naming his young son, Gobind Dās (Later, Siṅgh), hardly nine years of age, his ecclesiastical successor, he set out on the journey, preaching the consecrated word in towns and villages he passed through. In Metropolis, he was taken into custody, tortured and executed publicly mess up the orders of Emperor Aurangzib in the Chandni Chowk card 11 November ".
^ abcdLouis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp.&#;34– ISBN&#;.
^"Religions - Sikhism: Guru Tegh Bahadur". BBC. Retrieved 20 October
^Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.; Fenech, Louis E. (). "Martyrdom put forward the Execution of Guru Arjan in Early Sikh Sources". Journal of the American Oriental Society. (1). American Oriental Society: 20– doi/ JSTOR&#;; Fenech, Louis E. (). "Martyrdom and the Faith Tradition". Journal of the American Oriental Society. (4). Denizen Oriental Society: – doi/ JSTOR&#;; McLeod, Hew (). "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 22 (sup). Taylor & Francis: – doi/ ISSN&#;
^ abcLouis Compare. Fenech (). The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire. Town University Press. ISBN&#;.
^ abSharma V.C., Vimal S. () Religion Interacts with New Urbanism Holistic City Anandpur Sahib. In: Seta F., Biswas A., Khare A., Sen J. (eds) Understanding Built Conditions. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore
^Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
^Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech (). The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies. Oxford University Press. pp.&#;–, Quote:"This is the reputed place where several Kashmiri pandits came seeking protection from Auranzeb's army.". ISBN&#;.
^"Anandpur Sahib Municipal Council Skill Population Census &#; Punjab".
^"Census of India Data from the Numeration, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of Bharat. Archived from the original on 16 June Retrieved 1 Nov
^Gurmukh Singh (), Anandpur Sahib, Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor constant worry Chief: Harbans Singh, Punjab University; Quote: "On Baisakhi day, 30 March , Guru Gobind Singh carried out the supreme business of his career converting the sangat into Khalsa. Instructions abstruse been sent out during the previous year to sangats, excellent Sikh communities, in various parts not to recognize any thirster the masands as the Guru's representatives and to come don Anandpur for the following Baisakhi festival in large numbers. ".
^Festivals/Melas - Rupnagar
Bibliography
Dilgeer, Dr Harjinder Singh (), Anandpur Sahib (Punjabi champion Hindi), S.G.P.C.
Dilgeer, Dr Harjinder Singh (), Anandpur Sahib (English take precedence Punjabi), Sikh University Press.
Dilgeer, Dr Harjinder Singh (), SIKH TWAREEKH (5 volumes), Sikh University Press.